the list is divided in 2 of the three seasons so far, the third will be added later on as i am not in ceres while making this guide

winter crops:

broccoli 4 stages
cabbage 4 stages
frostkiss 4 stages

eggplant 5 stages

spring crops:

carrot 4 stages
daffodil 4 stages
sunflower 4 stages
tulip 4 stages
pineapple 4 stages

tomato 5 stages

banana 6 stages
rice 6 stages
strawberry 6 stages
watermelon 6 stages
wheat 6 stages

to add on the list for later, all Ceres crops, will take some waiting for me to get all them soon.

some extra information on how stages work, add 1 day to the stages to make sure you can make it, or otherwise, make it nights skipped per stage, so you do not miss out, and always make sure its farmed before the season change.