I looked around and didn't see a guide detailing the specifics on each available vehicle in the game, so I figured I might as well make it myself. I am not including a ton of specifics on weapons, since there are several guides that do that already.

Some of the information isn't presented in game directly, as far as I can tell, such as max speed, so I tested it myself either on the starting warehouse island, or in the skies and oceans near it. If you find any incorrect information, please feel free to let me know. I also could not find any information on how much fuel each vehicles holds outside of the percentages they show, so if anyone can find that information, please let me know.

Edit: Added launch times at suggestion of Floydii. Times rounded to the nearest second, measured from launch order given to craft being fully off the carrier. From my testing so far there is no difference in launch speed between having everything powered and only having the Lift/Crane powered.

HP: 400
10 armor
10,000KG
Deployment Time: 0:10
Max Land Speed: 13 kph
Max Naval Speed: 7.5 kph
2x Support Slots – Observation Camera, IR Countermeasures, Sonic Pulse Generator, Smoke Launcher (Explosive), Smoke Launcher (Stream)
1x Primary Slot – 30mm Cannon, 40mm Cannon, Anti-Air Cannon, Missile Array, Virus Bots, Actuated Camera, Radar

HP: 400
20 armor
15,000KG
Deployment Time: 0:10
Max Land Speed: 17.5 kph (VERY slow acceleration past 15 kph)
Max Naval Speed: 6 kph
2x Support Slots – Observation Camera, IR Countermeasures, Sonic Pulse Generator, Smoke Launcher (Explosive), Smoke Launcher (Stream)
1x Primary Slot – 30mm Cannon, 40mm Cannon, Anti-Air Cannon, Missile Array, Virus Bots, Actuated Camera, Radar

HP: 400
40 armor
20,000KG
Deployment Time: 0:12
Max Land Speed: 13 kph (VERY slow acceleration, ran out of room. If someone got it going faster, please let me know)
Max Naval Speed: 7.5 kph
2x Support Slots – Observation Camera, IR Countermeasures, Sonic Pulse Generator, Smoke Launcher (Explosive), Smoke Launcher (Stream)
1x Primary Slot – 100mm Cannon(Battlecannon), Heavy Cannon, Artillery Gun

HP: 40
0 armor
20,000KG
Launch Time: 1:18
Max Speed: 140 kph (As close to level flight as I could manage)
1x Camera Slot – Gimbaled Camera
4x Primary Slots – 20mm Autocannon, Rocket Pod, Bomb (Light), Bomb (Medium), Bomb (Heavy), Missile (IR), Missile (Laser), Missile (AA), Missile (TV), Torpedo, Torpedo (Noise), Torpedo (Countermeasure), External Fuel Tank

HP: 80
4 armor
25,000KG
Launch Time: 1:23
Max Speed: 280 kph (As close to level flight as I could manage)
1x Camera Slot – Gimbaled Camera
2x Support Slots – IR Countermeasures, Sonic Pulse Generator, Smoke Launcher (Explosive), Smoke Launcher (Stream)
1x Radar Slot – AWACS Radar System
4x Primary Slots – 20mm Autocannon, Rocket Pod, Bomb (Light), Bomb (Medium), Bomb (Heavy), Missile (IR), Missile (Laser), Missile (AA), Missile (TV), Torpedo, Torpedo (Noise), Torpedo (Countermeasure), External Fuel Tank

HP: 40
0 armor
15,000KG
Launch Time: 0:56
Max Speed: Max Speed: 145 kph (As close to level flight as I could manage)
2x Support Slots – IR Countermeasures, Sonic Pulse Generator, Smoke Launcher (Explosive), Smoke Launcher (Stream)
2x Primary Slots – 20mm Autocannon, Rocket Pod, Bomb (Light), Bomb (Medium), Bomb (Heavy), Missile (IR), Missile (Laser), Missile (AA), Missile (TV), Torpedo, Torpedo (Noise), Torpedo (Countermeasure), External Fuel Tank

HP: 160
4 armor
20,000KG
Launch Time: 1:14
Max Speed: 145 kph (As close to level flight as I could manage)
1x Camera Slot – Gimbaled Camera
4x Primary Slots – 20mm Autocannon, Rocket Pod, Bomb (Light), Bomb (Medium), Bomb (Heavy), Missile (IR), Missile (Laser), Missile (AA), Missile (TV), Torpedo, Torpedo (Noise), Torpedo (Countermeasure), External Fuel Tank
Can airlift ground vehicles