Team Fortress 2

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Spy Tutorial - All About Aiming
By MIsnamedMIke
This tutorial deals with various aspects related to your aiming with the Ambassador.
You will find detailed information about mouse settings (Dpi, Polling Rate),
in-game settings (Sensitivity, Crosshair) and various training methods to enhance your aim.
   
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Summary
1.) The Ambassador - Facts
2.) Maps and Scripts
3.) General use of the Ambassador
4.) Mouse, Settings, Dpi, Polling Rate, Sensitivity and Crosshair (colour)
5.) Offline Training
6.) Online Training + Tipps and Tricks
7.) Attachment
1.) The Ambassador - Facts
-Shot type : Bullet based hitscan
(instant damage to the first target
in the line of fire)
-Ammo loaded : 6
-Ammo carried : 24
-Reload : 1.16 s
-Critical hit (headshot) : 102
-Spread recovery/
Ready for a headshot after firing: 0.95 s
-Short range (bodyshot) : 46-56
-Medium range (bodyshot) : 31-37
-Long range (bodyshot) : 15-19

The Ambassador is after the recovery for the first shot always 100% accurate and
is even during the "hot" status always a bit more accurate than the normal Revolver.
The increase in size of the crosshair is an indicator for the Ambassador being
"hot" - as soon as the crosshair reached the minimal size, it is possible to
score a headshot.
2.) Maps and Scripts
Here is a list of all kind of training maps (tr_)
which I use and which are needed for the following tutorial:

-tr_walkway (http://tf2.gamebanana.com/maps/download/107794)
-tr_aim (http://tf2.gamebanana.com/maps/94902)
-tr_aim_training (http://tf2.gamebanana.com/maps/download/104304)

also useful:

-tr_midair
-tr_airshot

You will find three scripts which might help you to increase your learning results.
But please keep two things in mind:
1.The scripts will not take the training of your hands!
They are a small addition but certainly not a replacement for training.
2.Not everyone will profit or even like the scripts.
Try the scripts out but do not forece yourself to use them.
To give you an example: I am not using the Zoom script anymore because I think
that I´m doing better without it.

The scripts are in the attachment (7.)
3.) General use of the Ambassador
The Ambassador has a wide range of uses and is in a lot of cases the answer to
your current problem.
If it is a sentry nest or an annoying Pyro - with this powerful tool you can
accomplish quite a bit.
Here are the gerneral rules for the Ambassador:

-Distance is key to success.
Try to see this weapon more as a sniper rifle and not as a revolver
-Keep calm and take your time to aim for the head
-It is not unusual to go for bodyshots from time to time.
Assess your current situation and then decide what is better.
(Small burst damage or or high single target damage)
4.) Mouse, Settings, Dpi, Polling Rate, Sensitivity and Crosshair (colour)
The mouse:
-I´m not an expert because I´m simply not able to test every single mouse in my free time.
However, I should be able to give a few tipps when you are going to get a new mouse:
-Weight (Personal preference)
-Size (Personal preference)
-Shape (Personal preference)
-Workmanship/Quality
-"Prediction" or "Non-Prediction" mouse (Personal preference)
-->Prediction: The mouse is trying to complete the given movement
(e.g. fast horizontal movement).
Further information in the attachment (7.).
-Sensor position (if possible: centred)
-Dpi (see next paragraph but one)
-Polling rate (see next paragraph but one)



The correct Settings:
-First of all you should set your windows sensitivity multiplier in your control panel
to 6/11 (default) and turn off mouse acceleration
-Raw input should be activated --> in-game
Mouse filter should be deactivated --> in-game
-following commands in the launch options
(Steam - TF2 - Prperties - General - Set Launch Options)
will ensure that that all your settings will be executed correctly:

-useforcedmparms -noforcemaccel -noforcemspd

-to check if the pointer movement (what you see on screen) is the same as the
mouse movement (calculated by your PC) we need this winrar file:
http://www.gamefront.com/files/17191014/MarkC_Windows7_MouseFix.zip

In ther you will find the MouseMovementRecorder_1.6.
When you launch it you will see a window which shows your pointer movement and
your mouse movement.
Now move the cursor in various directions across the screen.
If the column "Pointer Movement" changes colour (green or red)
you should check all settings again or use the file
MarkC_Windows7+Vista+XP_MouseFix_Builder_1.4
(if the column "Pointer Movement" only changes colour at the edge of your screen
it is completly normal because your pointer can´t go any further in that direction).



Dpi:
-dpi ("dots per inch") does not describe the accuracy of a mouse as it is often stated!
Instead the dpi indicates how many dots per Inch can be measured by your mouse.
For the simple fact that the smalles unit a pc can indicate is a pixel,
the benfits of dpi is limited.
The required dpi depends on 3 variables:
The resolution width of the monitor, the distance for a full 360 degree turn
(in inches) und your field of view/fov.
If the dpi is too low (based on your current setup) you will cause
"pixel skipping". The result will be inaccuracy.

Note: Not every mouse is able to change the dpi value!

This website will help you to calculate the correct dpi for your setup:
http://www.funender.com/quake/mouse/index.html

You have to enter your current dpi, your windows sensitivity multiplier (1=6/11!),
the in-game sensitivity, your in-game m_yaw (do not change!), your resolution
and last but not least your fov.
The result you receive from the website should be understood as a minimum rather
than a maximum. By setting it lower than the suggested value you might experience
inaccuracy. However, setting it much higher is only based on personal
preference.

So, how do you proceed now?
1.If you do have a sensitivity you feel comfortable with already and you want to skip
the "Sensitivity" chapter anyway then note your current dpi and your in-game sensitivity.
Afterwards calculate your real sensitivity with the website mentioned above
(real sensitivity (inches/360)).
Note this down, too and calculate your estimated useful dpi.
Replace your dpi in the calculator with the estimated useful dpi and start do change
your in-game sensitivity so that the real sensitivity remains unchanged.
This will ensure that your muscle memory will not be affected.
In the end you have to change your dpi and your in-game sensitivity
according to your results.
2.If you wish to start from the very beginning then keep your sensitivity and dpi
as it is and look through the "Sensitivity" chapter first.
After you have found a fitting sesitivity follow the instructions of 1.


Polling rate:
-The polling rate determines the intervals in which the mouse sends a signal to
the computer
-A standard mouse has a polling rate of about 125 signals/second
-The maximum I am aware of is 1000 signals/second
-When your mouse and your cpu allows for it
(higher polling rate -> higher cpu load/utilization)
a higher polling rate is preferable

Note: Not every mouse is able to change the polling rate!


Sensitivity
-First of all: There is not one sensitivity for everyone!
Therefore I can only give you tipps how to find a sensitivity which is good for you.
-It will take some time to find your sensitivity.
The following steps will help you to find your sensitivity:
1.Test unit positions (1,00; 2,00; 3,00;...)
per sensitivity play about one round.
2.Test decomals in 0,5 steps (0,5; 1,5; 2,5;...)
according to your favourite sensitivity of step 1.
3.Test two decimal places in 0,25 steps (0,25; 0,75; 1,25;...)
according to your favourite sensitivity of step 2.
4.With this procedure you can isolate the perfect Sensitiviät for you.
(of course you can alter this procedrure if you already have a good estimation
what you like. Moreover you can already stop after step one if you prefer that
sensitivity!)
5.When you found your sensitivity play a few more rounds with it.
The essential aspect is that you feel comfortable with that sensitivity.
6.Now look out for an in-game object and move in all directions
Try to keep your crosshair on the object as good as possible.
If you deviate too often from your object then you should continue with the limitation.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqiDtybPbqI --> tf2gentleman did an awesome job
demonstrating and explaining it here!

-After you´ve found your fitting sensitivity we are going to start with the fine tuning.
For this we need a sensitivity calulator
(e.g. http://www.notalent.org/sensitivity/sensitivity.htm).
By entering your values you will receive for instance the "Degrees Per Inch".
If the given number has decimal places then you should change your sensitivity
slightly so that there are no decimal places.
e.g.:

Dpi: 900, In Game Sensitivity 2.5

Degrees Per Inch: 49.5 --> round up to 50 oder round down to 49
by chanign your sensitivity
(own preference)

Sensitivity: 2.523 -> Degrees Per Inch = 50
Sensitivity: 2.477 -> Degrees Per Inch = 49


Crosshair (colour and size)
-This is something rather personal and is up to player preference but there are aspects
which should be considered when choosing your crosshair, your crosshair colour
and your crosshair size:
1.The crosshair itsself is up for personal preference but there are certain
crosshairs which work better with certain weapons. Considering that the Ambassador
requires a high amount of precision and bullet spread is less of an issue it is
save to go for a crossahair with a rathet small hit indicator size
(preferable with a small dot in the middle rather than a large circle and other
"extraordinary" crosshairs)
2.The colour is also up for debate. However try to avoid colours like red and blue
which blend into the environment
(colours which are preferable are e.g. Green or Magenta)
3.Last but not least the crosshair size. You want to achieve a mixture of
visibility and precision.
In order to combine that I use the "xhair color toggle" script
(see attachment (7.)) which allows me to change the crosshair colour after
pressing one of the selected key (e.g.W, A, S, D).
This colour flashing allows me to keep track of the postion of my crosshair
while keeping it relativily small.
5.) Offline Training
- tr_walkway











The map tr_walkway












Control room - manipulate the bots












Manipulate tr_walkway


A well known training map which allows you to manipulate the bots on it
(for the beginning it is not important to deal with airshots).

1. Exercise: Stand still while bots with normal (or low) speed run towards you
in a straight line
(move only your crosshair)
2. Exercise: Additionally you move now to the left and to the right
3. Exercise: Let the bots strave/move from left to right.
4. Exercise: Depending on your own preference increase speed, choose a specific
target class, ...

Continue with the exercise untill you feel comfortable with the Ambassador and try to
use it about 2-3 hours a week.
Then continue with tr_aim.


- tr_aim












The map tr_aim


Also a very good training map. The movement of the bots can only be adjusted to
a certain degree. However, the bots move on a random base and are therefore less
predictable.

1. Exercise: On the blue surface against slow bots (move from left to right)
2. Exercise: On the blue surface against bots with medium speed (move from left to right)
3. Exercise: On the first or second elevation against slow most (move from left to right)
4. Exercise: On the first or second elevation against bots with medium speed
(move from left to right)
5. Exercise: On the blue surface against fast bots (move from left to right)
6. Exercise: On the first or second elevation against fast bost (move from left to right)

When you are feel comfortable hitting the bots continue with tr_aim_training.
Use it about 2 hours a week.


- tr_aim_training












The "Muscle Memory Room"












The "Practice Room"












The "Mark"


One of the less known training maps.
Among the 3 different rooms, the "Muscle Memory Room" is the most interesting one.
Here we will train twitch aiming.
So far we have trained your track aiming. But what is the difference?

Track aiming:
Try to follow your target with the crosshair/Keep your crosshair on the target.
Most effective against slower targets on medium or long range

Twitch aiming:
You try to swing your crosshair on your target in a single, fast movement.
Most effective against faster targets on short or medium range.

There is no better aiming type.However, twitch aiming requires more training to
be used effective and reliably.

~ Training in the "Muscle Memory Room":

In this room you see 3 circles on the ground. At the other end of the room is a
big mark/target on the wall.
For the following exercises you have to stand on one of the 3 circles.
The larger the distance between the circle and the mark/target is, the more
difficult it is going to be.
And just to get rid of the critics concerning this exercise: This is not about
getting used to a certain distance when it comes to aiming.
Instead we want to be able to get a good grasp for the distance we cover by
by moving it.

After you have positioned yourself on a circle, aim with your crosshair at the centre
of the mark/target. Afterwards move your mouse from the centre to one of the
8 end points and shoot when you managed to hit the circle on the wall you will
see the corresponding messange and the circle on the wall will change its colour

1. Exercise: Touch slowly with your crosshair the individual end points
(clockwise- or counterclockwise roration) and always start at the centre
of the mark/target. Shooting is not necessary.
Just try to get a good grasp on the twitching.
2. Exercise: Start to increase your speed and start shooting.
This will give you a better indication whether you managed to hit your target.
3. Exercise: Increase your speed
(Keep in mind that it is more important to follow the lines from the sentre
to the end points. However, a certain speed is necessary to be useful)

Keep in mind that you want to change the position after a while!

~ Practice:

Now we are going to apply our knowlege. This can be done by using the room to the left of the "Muscle Memory Room" when you leave it.

Here a short summary what you should learn in the "Muscle Memory Room":
-smooth and fluent movement of the hand ...
-... which are fast and precise
-consider the distance between you and your target while aiming

Your goal in this room is to kill the bot as fast as possible with 2 precise
shots using twitch aiming.

1. Exercise: Play against a bot with normal speed (Sniper)
2. Exercise: Play against a fast bot (Medic)
3. Exercise: Play against a slow bot(Demoman)
4. Exercise: Play against a very slow bot (Soldier).

At this point you should have realized that it is for the most part better to use
twitch aiming against fast targets - not slow targets.

5. Exercise: Play against a very fast bot (Scout).
Very challenging.

~ The Mark:

A nice enhancement. You will see the mark directly when you start the map.
It allows a wide variety of options for an individual training.


- tr_airshot/tr_walkway/tr_midair (Airshot training)

All maps are viable for the airshot training. I do prefer tr_walkway.

Now we are going to train how to hit Soldiers, Demomen and Scouts in mid air.
To do so on tr_walkway activate the launch pad and set the launch power to random.
On top of that you should lower the ground behind the launch pad.

1. Exercise: Stand still and only move the crosshair
2. Exercise: Additionally move from left to right
4. Exercise: Change class

Tipp: Try both track and twitch aiming or even combine it.
Tipp: Rocket and Sticky jumping has one disatvantage: you become morepredictable
(Although strafing allows you to slightly negate this aspect).
Therefore try to hit your target at the maximum turning point.
Further information in the attachment (7.).
6.) Online Training + Tipps and Tricks
Theory is good but nothing without practice.
Try to collect experience and keep in mind that every movement pattern has
a weakness.

More Tipps:

1.Not only the mouse is necessary for aiming. Also the keys
W, A, S, D, CTRL and Space are part of it.
2.To avoit getting hit try to be as unpredictable with you movement as possible
3.Use cover and unexpected angles to your advantage.
You are a Spy and therefore you should exploit that!
3.Look out for mge_ maps. There you can practice 1v1 situations
4.Repeat certain exercises every now and than!

Some individual class strategies:

Scout:
Very fast and very hard to hit on a constant base in most cases.
If you can then go for the first strike. If you can make your initial shot
count then he will have about 23 HP left. He will be either forced
to retreat or risk to receive a body shot.

Solider:
Keep your distance. Rockets are easy to dodge on medium to long range.
The only case where a Soldier is hard to hit is during his rocket jumping.

Pyro:
Again, keep your distance (unexpected, isn´t it?).
You want to avoid to get airblasted at all costs.
If you do get airblasted do not panic and go for the head.
It is difficult but entirely possible.

Demoman:
The scottish king of damage on medium range.
There are two options. Either you keep your distnace (long range)
or you man up and go right in his face.
It is really effective because his only weapon which is viable on that range is his melee weapon.

Heavy:
You shouldn´t take on a Heavy in a 1v1 situation in most cases.
His high HP allows him to take 3 headshots before going down.
He might be easy to hit but keep in mind that 3 headshots allow pretty much
the entire enemy team to hunt you down.
But if you have to then keep your distance and use cover.
The minigun will make you flinch a lot.

Engineer:
The Ambassador is very good when it comes to Engineers.
Shoot them twice in their big and shiny head. That´s it.
You can even do that on close range with his Sentry around when you are fast enough.

Medic:
The Syringe Gun will be your biggest problem and is similar annoying to a Minigun.
Try to go for bodyshots while he is shooting and go for a headshot while he is reloading
or using his melee weapon.

Sniper:
Snipers are generally superior when it comes to long range fights. If you want to fight
on long range make sure to initiate. Otherwise take advantage of the fact that
their mobility is drasically decreased while they are zoomed in.

Spy:
If he uses the Ambassador it basically comes down to the question who can aim
and dodge better.
If he uses the Revolver then keep your distance. The Revolver is simply better
on close range.
7.) Attachment
-2. ) Scripts (C:\Program Files (x86)\Steam\steamapps\common\team fortress 2\tf\cfg\spy.cfg)

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Weapon Hide (+Zoom)
// -by pressing shift, the fov will change.
// -this script will also hide your current weapon as long as you are holding the button.
// -instead of fov_desired X use your desired fov (fov_desired 90 --> no Zoom;
// fov_desired < 90 --> Zoom)
// -instead of sensitivity Y use your sensitivity (e.g. 2.24,...)
// EDIT: I found it better to not change the fov/sensitivity. At least it did mess with my muscle
// memory. I just use it to hide my weapon. But see for yourself what you prefer.

alias "+wzoom" "fov_desired 90; viewmodel_fov_demo 70; sensitivity Y; r_drawviewmodel 0"
alias "-wzoom" "fov_desired X; viewmodel_fov_demo 70; sensitivity Y; r_drawviewmodel 1"

bind "shift" "+wzoom"


//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// movement color toggle/flashing
// -by pressing w, a, s, d or space your crosshair colour will change

bind "w" +fw
alias +fw "+forward;dotxhaircolor"
alias -fw "-forward;dotxhaircolor"

bind "s" +bw
alias +bw "+back;dotxhaircolor"
alias -bw "-back;dotxhaircolor"

bind "d" +mr
alias +mr "+moveright;dotxhaircolor"
alias -mr "-moveright;dotxhaircolor"

bind "a" +ml
alias +ml "+moveleft;dotxhaircolor"
alias -ml "-moveleft;dotxhaircolor"


bind "space" +jp
alias +jp "+jump;dotxhaircolor"
alias -jp "-jump;dotxhaircolor"


//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// xhair color toggle
// the sequence of your crosshair colour change
// by changing the number after cl_crosshair_blue/green/red you can choose your own colour
// every single line represents an individual colour
// the individual rows are not long enough-the first and the second line/the third and the fourth/...

// --> each in ONE line (not including alias dotxhaircolor "dotxhaircolorpink")

alias dotxhaircolor "dotxhaircolorpink"

alias dotxhaircolorgreen "cl_crosshair_blue "0"; cl_crosshair_green "255"; cl_crosshair_red "0"; alias dotxhaircolor dotxhaircolorpink" // read from bottom to top
alias dotxhaircoloryellow "cl_crosshair_blue 255; cl_crosshair_green 255; cl_crosshair_red 0; alias dotxhaircolor dotxhaircolorgreen" //color description does not represent actual color
alias dotxhaircolorpink "cl_crosshair_blue 255; cl_crosshair_green 0; cl_crosshair_red 255; alias dotxhaircolor dotxhaircoloryellow"



//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// -important: "xhair color toggle" and "movement color toggle/flashing" were created by
// Stabby Stabby.
// His collection of Spy scripts can be found here:
// http://forums.steampowered.com/forums/showthread.php?t=1591457

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



-4. ) Prediction/Non-Prediction
















-5. ) Jump diagram
The End
If there is something I´ve forgotten please leave a comment and I will try to add it.
Have fun training!

Self destruction sequence initiated...
5..
4..
3..
2..
1..
*Boom*

-MIsnamed:MIke
4 Comments
MIsnamedMIke  [author] 4 Oct, 2014 @ 6:36pm 
Made a couple of changes to the guide ( 7.) Attachment) in order to make it a bit more understandable.
Stupid Sexy Batman 25 Aug, 2014 @ 12:59pm 
Too long, did not read, got author to config settings at lan.

10/10, would recommend.
MIsnamedMIke  [author] 2 Aug, 2013 @ 8:34am 
At the moment I´m using the PVHUD. Should be easy to find and install (detailed installation instructions are on the homepage, too). To increase/decrease the size of your weapon on screen use the command "viewmodel_fov X" (either put it in the console or add it to the autoexec.cfg file). The default number is 54. Increasing the number will decrease the size and decreasing the number will increase the size. I´m using the value 90 if you are interested (When someone is wondering why I am using that: When you reload your revolver it fills a large part of your screen which is very irritating for me. That way I can see what is going on even when I am reloading).
Noobly 2 Aug, 2013 @ 1:16am 
Very helpful thanks :D btw how did you change your hud? Your view is further back and yo u can see the full right arm. I kind of always wanted that :P