ACHIEVEMENT
the successful accomplishment of, or performance in, a socially defind task or goal, talcott parsons in social theory and modern society, 1967suggests that modern societies use indices of achievement examination credentials or performance in role based tasks rather than ascriptive criteria to recruit, select, and evaluate individuals for particular roles. however, resesrch demonstrates the continued influence of ascription in social statification, notably according to such factors as race and sex. there is an interesting cross disciplinary dicussion of the concept and interpretation of achievement, its relationship to creativity and innovation, and its role in explaining growth in england and japan since the 17th century, in penelope gouk ed. wellsprinds of achievement 1995////////////////////////////////

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