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Cultivation and Harvesting:
Coca plants are grown mainly in Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.
Mature coca leaves are harvested by hand.
Extraction of Cocaine Alkaloid:
Leaves are soaked and mashed with chemicals like gasoline, kerosene, or diesel fuel.
Lime or ammonia is added to help extract the alkaloid.
The mixture is filtered, leaving a liquid containing cocaine alkaloid.
Sulfuric acid precipitates the alkaloid, forming a paste.
Conversion to Cocaine Base:
The paste is dried and dissolved in hydrochloric acid.
Potassium permanganate may be added for purification.
The solution is filtered, leaving cocaine base.
Cocaine base is dissolved in ether or acetone.
Hydrochloric acid converts the base to cocaine hydrochloride.
The solution is filtered and dried into a white powder.
The final product is mixed with substances like lactose or baking soda to increase volume.