The question before the House is one of awful moment to this country. For my
own part, I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery; should I
keep back my opinions at such a time, through fear of giving offense, I should consider
myself as guilty of treason towards my country.

Mr. President, it is natural to man to indulge in the illusions of hope. [But] Is this
the part of wise men, engaged in a great struggle for liberty? Are we disposed to be of
the number of those who, having eyes, see not, and, having ears, hear not, the things
which so nearly concern their salvation? For my part, whatever anguish of spirit it may
cost, I am willing to know the whole truth; to know the worst, and to provide for it.

I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past. And judging by the past,
I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the British ministry for the last ten
years to justify those hopes with which gentlemen have been pleased to comfort
themselves and the House. Is it that insidious smile with which our petition has been
lately received? Trust it not, sir. Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss. Ask
yourselves, are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation? Let us
not deceive ourselves, sir. These are the implements of war and subjugation; the last
arguments to which kings resort. I ask gentlemen, sir, Has Great Britain any enemy, in
this quarter of the world, to call for all this accumulation of navies and armies? No, sir,
she has none. They are meant for us: they can be meant for no other. And what have
we to oppose to them?

Shall we try argument? Sir, we have been trying that for the last ten years. Sir,
we have done everything that could be done to avert the storm which is now coming on.
We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated
ourselves before the throne, and have implored its interposition to arrest the tyrannical
hands of Parliament.

Our petitions have been slighted; our remonstrance’s have produced additional
violence and insult; our supplications have been disregarded; and we have been
spurned, with contempt, from the foot of the throne! In vain, after these things, may we
indulge the fond hope of peace and reconciliation? There is no longer any room for
hope. If we wish to be free, we must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must fight! An appeal to
arms and to the God of hosts is all that is left us!

It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. The war is actually begun! Our brethren
are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to
be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not
what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!